Silvestre C, Duraccio D, Cimmino S (2011) Food packaging based on polymer nanomaterials. Collectively, these findings show template polymerization to be an effective technique for generating nanoparticles (including those with sub-50-nm dimensions) with tunable, narrowly dispersed sizes and high yields. When stored in ≥ 40 mM NaCl solutions, however (unless the particles were prepared in an excess of PAH), the dispersions underwent at least partial agglomeration. Once assembled, these particles remained stably dispersed throughout a monthlong stability experiment when stored at low ionic strengths. At particle-forming compositions, most of the PAH became incorporated into the PECs, thus indicating high particle yields. The self-assembly of the resulting poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) with the PAH generated narrowly dispersed particles with average sizes ranging between roughly 20 and 400 nm, which could be readily tuned by adjusting the parent solution concentration. Here, we report a one-step synthesis of such PEC nanoparticles through a simple free-radical polymerization of an anionic monomer (acrylic acid) on a polycationic poly(allylamine) (PAH) template. To our knowledge, however, the formation of sub-50-nm PECs through template polymerization has generally required the use of block copolymers or involved covalent crosslinking. Template polymerization (i.e., polymerization of monomers along a macromolecular template) provides a scalable method for preparing colloidal polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) with narrow size distributions.
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